Of Christian Love and Charity
Of all things that be good to be taught unto Christian people, there is nothing more necessary to be spoken of, and daily called upon, then charity: as well for that all manner of works of righteousness be contained in it, as also that the decay thereof is the ruin or fall of the world, the banishment of virtue, and the cause of all vice. And for so much as almost every man, maketh and frameth to himself charity after his own appetite, and how detestable soever his life be, both unto God and man, yet he persuadeth himself still that he hath charity: therefore you shall hear now a true and plain description or setting forth of charity, not of men’s imagination, but of the very words and example of our Saviour Jesus Christ. In which description or setting forth, every man (as it were in a glass) may consider himself, and see plainly without error, whether he be in the true charity, or not.
Charity is, to love God with all our heart, all our soul, and all our powers and strength. With all our heart: That is to say, that our heart, mind, and study be set to believe his word, to trust in him, and to love him above all other things that we love best in heaven or in earth. With all our life: that is to say, that our chief joy and delight be set upon him and his honour, and our whole life given unto the service of him above all things, with him to live and die, and to forsake all other things, rather then him. For he that loveth his father or mother, son or daughter, house, or land, more then me (saith Christ) (Mtt 10) is not worthy to have me. With all our power, that is to say, that with our hands and feet, with our eyes and ears, our mouths and tongues, and with all our parts and powers, both of body and soul, we should be given to the keeping and fulfilling of his commandments. This is the first and principal part of charity, but it is not the whole: for charity is also to love every man, good and evil, friend and foe, and whatsoever cause be given to the contrary, yet nevertheless to bear good will and heart unto every man, to use our selves well unto them, as well in words and countenances, as in all our outward acts and deeds: for so Christ himself taught, and so also he performed indeed. Of the love of God he taught in this wise unto a doctor of the law, that asked him which was the great and chief commandment in the Law, Love thy Lord God, (said Christ) (Mtt 22) with all thy heart, with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. And of the love, that we ought to have among our selves each to other, he teacheth us thus (Mtt 5), You have heard it taught in times past, Thou shalt love thy friend, and hate thy foe: But I tell you, Love your enemies, speak well of them that defame and speak evil of you, do well to them that hate you, pray for them that vex and persecute you, that you may be the children of your father that is in heaven. For he maketh his Sun to rise both upon the evil and good, and sendeth rain to the just and un just. For if you love them that love you, what reward shall you have? Do not the Publicans likewise? And if you speak well only of them that be your brethren and dear beloved friends, what great matter is that? Do not the Heathen the same also? These be the very words of our Saviour Christ himself, touching the love of our neighbour. And forasmuch as the Pharisees (with their most pestilent traditions, and false interpretations, and glosses) had corrupted, and almost clearly stopped up this pure Well of God's lively word, teaching that this love and charity pertained only to a mans friends, and that it was sufficient for a man to love them which do love him, and hate his foes: therefore Christ opened this Well again, purged it and scoured it by giving unto his Godly law of charity, a true and clear interpretation, which is this: that we ought to love every man, both friend and foe, adding thereto what commodity we shall have thereby, and what incommodity by doing the contrary. What thing can we wish so good for us, as the eternal heavenly father, to reckon, and take us for his children? And this shall we be sure of (saith Christ) if we love every man without exception. And if we do otherwise (saith he) we be no better then the Pharisees, Publicans, and Heathen, and shall have our reward with them, that is, to be shut out from the number of God's chosen children, and from his everlasting inheritance in heaven.
Thus of true charity, Christ taught that every man is bound to love God above all things, and to love every man, friend and foe. And this likewise he did use himself, exhorting his adversaries, rebu king the faults of his adversaries, and when he could not amend them, yet he prayed for them. First he loved God his Father above all things, so much that he sought not his own glory and will, but the glory and will of his Father. I seek not (said he) (Jn 6) mine own will, but the will of him that sent me. Nor he refused not to die, to satisfy his Fathers will, saying (Mtt 26), If it may be, let this cup of death pass his friends, but also his enemies, which (in their hearts) bare exceeding great hatred against him, and with their tongues spake all evil of him, and in their acts and deeds pursued him with all their might and power, even unto death, yet all this notwithstanding, he withdrew not his favour from them, but still loved them, preached unto them in love, rebuked their false doctrine, their wicked living, and did good un to them, patiently taking whatsoever they spake or did against him. When they gave him evil words, he gave none evil again. When they did strike him, he did not smite him again: and when he suffered death, he did not slay them, nor threaten them, but prayed for them, and did put all things to his fathers will. And as a sheep that is lead unto the shambles to be slain, and as a lamb that is shorn of his fleece, maketh no noise nor resistance, even so he went to his death, without any repugnance, or opening of his mouth to say any evil. Thus have I set forth unto you what charity is, as well by the doctrine, as by the examples of Christ himself, whereby also every man may without error know himself, what state and condition he standeth in, whether he be in charity, (and so the child of the father in heaven) or not. For although almost every man persuadeth himself to be in charity, yet let him examine none other man, but his own heart, his life and conversation, and he shall not be deceived, but truly discern and judge whether he be in perfect charity or not. For he that followeth not his own appetite and will, but giveth himself earnestly to God, to do al l his will and commandments, he may be sure that he loveth God above all things, and else surely he loveth him not, whatsoever he pretend: as Christ said, If ye love me, keep my commandments. For he that knoweth my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is (saith Christ) (Jn 14) that loveth me. And again he saith, He that loveth me, will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will both come to him, and dwell with him: and he that loveth me not, will not keep my words. And likewise he that beareth a good heart and mind, and useth well his tongue and deeds unto every man, friend and foe, he may know there by that he hath charity. And when he is sure that Almighty God taketh him for his dear beloved son, as St. John saith (1 Jn 3), Hereby manifestly are known the children of God, from the children of the Devil: for whosoever doth not love his brother, belongeth not unto God.
You have heard a plain and a fruitful setting forth of charity, and how profitable and necessary a thing charity is: how charity stretcheth itself both to God and man, friend and foe, and that by the doctrine and example of Christ: and also who may certify himself whether he be in perfect charity, or not. Now as concerning the same matter, it followeth. The perverse nature of man, corrupt with sin, and destitute of God's word and grace, thinketh it against all reason, that a man should love his enemy, and hath many persuasions which bring him to the contrary. Against all which reasons, we ought aswell to set the teaching, as the living of our Saviour Christ, who loving us (when we were his enemys) doth teach us to love our enemies. He did patiently take for us many reproaches, suffered beating, and most cruel death. Therefore we be no members of him, if we will not follow him. Christ (saith S. Peter) (1 Pt 2) suffered for us, leaving an example that we should follow him.
Furthermore, we must consider, that to love our friends, is no more but that which thieves, adulterers, homicides, and all wicked persons do: in so much that Jews, Turks, Infidels, and all brute beasts, do love them that be their friends, of whom they have their living, or any other benefits. But to love enemies, is the proper condition of them that be the children of God, the disciples and followers of Christ. Notwithstanding, mans froward and corrupt nature weigheth over deeply many times, the offence and displeasure done unto him by enemies, and thinketh it a burden intolerable, to be bound to love them that hate him. But the burden should be easy enough, if (on the other side) every man would consider, what displeasure he hath done to his enemy again, and what pleasure he hath received of his enemy. And if we find no equal or even recompense, neither in receiving pleasures of our enemy, nor in requiting displeasures unto him again: then let us ponder the displeasures which we have done unto Almighty God, how often and how grievously we have offended him, whereof if we will have of God forgiveness, there is none other remedy, but to forgive the offences done unto us, which be very small, in comparison of our of fences done against God. And if we consider that he which hath offended us, deserveth not to be forgiven of us, let us consider again, that we much less deserve to be forgiven of God. And although our enemy deserve not to be forgiven for his own sake, yet we ought to forgive him for God's love, considering how great and many benefits we have received of him, without our deserts, and that Christ hath deserved of us, that for his sake we should forgive them their trespasses committed against us.
But here may rise a necessary question to be dissolved. If charity require to think, speak, and do well unto every man, both good and evil: how can Magistrates execute justice upon malefactors or evil doers with charity? How can they cast evil men in prison, take away their goods, and sometime their lives, according to laws, if charity will not suffer them so to do?
Hereunto is a plain and a brief answer, that plagues and punishments be not evil of themselves, if they be well taken of the harmless. And to an evil man they are both good and necessary, and may be executed according to charity, and with charity should be executed. For declaration whereof, you shall understand that charity hath two offices, the one contrary to the other, and yet both necessary to be used upon men of contrary sort and disposition. The one of fice of charity is, to cherish good and harmeless men, not to oppress them with false accusations, but to encourage them with rewards to do well, and to continue in well doing, defending them with the sword from their adversaries: as the office of Bishops and Pastors is, to praise good men for well doing, that they may continue therein, and to rebuke and correct by the word of God, the offences and crimes of all evil disposed persons. The other office of charity is, to rebuke, correct, and punish vice, without regard of persons, and is to be used against them only that be evil men, and malefactors or evil doers. And that it is as well the office of charity to rebuke, punish, and correct them that be evil, as it is to cherish and reward them that be good and harmless. St. Paul declareth (writing to the Romans) saying (Rom 13), That the high powers are ordained of God, not to be dreadful to them that do well, but unto malefactors, to draw the sword to take vengeance of him that committeth the sin. And St. Paul biddeth Timothy (1 Tim 1) stoutly and earnestly to rebuke sin by the word of God. So that both offices should be diligently executed, to fight against the kingdom of the Devil, the Preacher with the word, and the Governors with the sword. Else they neither love God, nor them whom they govern, if (for lack of correction) they wilfully suffer God to be offended, and them whom they govern, to perish. For as every loving father correcteth his natural son when he doth amiss, or else he loveth him not: so all governors of Realms, Countries, Towns, and Houses, should lovingly correct them which be offenders, under their governance, and cherish them which live innocently, if they have any respect either unto God and their office, or love unto them of whom they have governance. And such rebukes and punishments of them that offend, must be done in due time, lest by delay, the offenders fall headlong into all manner of mischief, and not only be evil themselves, but also do hurt unto many men, drawing other by their evil example, to sin and outrage after them. As one thief may both rob many men, and also make many thieves: and one seditious person may allure many, and annoy a whole Town or Country. And such evil persons that be so great offenders to God, and the commonwealth, charity requireth to be cut from the body of the commonwealth, least they corrupt other good and honest persons: like as a good Surgeon cutteth away a rotten and festered member, for love he hath to the whole body, lest it infect other members adjoining unto it.
Thus it is declared unto you what true charity or Christian love is, so plainly, that no man need to be deceived. Which love, whosoever keepeth, not only to wards God (whom he is bound to love above all things) but also to ward his neighbour, as well friend as foe, it shall surely keep him from all offence of God, and just offence of man. Therefore bears well away this one short lesson, that by true Christian charity, God ought to be loved, good, and evil, friend, and foe, and to all such, we ought (as we may) to do good: those that be good, of love to encourage and cherish, because they be good: and those that be evil, of love to procure and seek their correction and due punishment, that they may thereby either be brought to goodness, or at the least that God and the common wealth may be less hurt and offended. And if we thus direct our life, by Christi an love and charity, then Christ doth promise and assure us that he loveth us, that we be the children of our heavenly Father, reconciled to his favour, very members of Christ, and that after this short time of this pre sent and mortal life, we shall have with him everlasting life in his ever lasting kingdom of heaven. Therefore to him with the Father and the holy Ghost, be all honour and glory, now and for ever. Amen.
Almighty GOD, to the intent his most holy Name should be had in honour, and evermore be magnified of the people, commandeth that no man should take his Name vainly in his mouth, threatening punishment unto him that irreverently abuseth it by swearing, forswearing, andblasphemy. To the intent therefore that this commandment may be the better known and kept, it shall bee declared unto you, both how it is lawful for Christian people to swear, and also what peril and danger it is vainly to swear, or to be forsworn.
Unto a Christian man, there can be nothing either more necessary or profitable, than the knowledge of Holy Scripture; forasmuch as in it is contained God’s true word, setting forth his glory, and also man’s duty. And there is no truth nor doctrine, necessary for our justification and everlasting salvation, but that is, or may be, drawn out of that fountain and well of truth. Therefore, as many as be desirous to enter into the right and perfect way unto God, must apply their minds to know Holy Scripture; without the which, they can neither sufficiently known God and his will, neither their office and duty. And as drink is pleasant to them that be dry, and meat to them that be hungry; so is the reading, hearing, searching, and studying of Holy Scripture, to them that be desirous to know God, or themselves, and to do his will. And their stomachs only do loathe and abhor the heavenly knowledge and food of God’s word, that be so drowned in worldly vanities, that they neither saviour God, nor any godliness: for that is the cause why they desire such vanities, rather than the true knowledge of God. As they that are sick of an ague, whatsoever they eat and drink, though it be never so pleasant, yet it is as bitter to them as wormwood; not for the bitterness of the meat, but for the corrupt and bitter humour that is in their own tongue and mouth; even is the sweetness of God’s word bitter, not of itself, but only unto them that have their minds corrupted with long custom of sin and love of this world.
Among all the creatures that God made in the beginning of the world most excellent and wonderful in their kind, there was none (as the Scripture beareth witness) to be compared almost in any point unto man, who as well in body and soul exceeded all other no less, then the Sun in brightness and light exceedeth every small and little star in the firmament. He was made according to the image and similitude of God, he was endued with all kind of heavenly gifts, he had no spot of uncleanness in him, he was found and perfect in all parts, both outwardly and inwardly, his reason was incorrupt, his understanding was pure and good, his will was obedient and godly, he was made altogether like unto God, in righteousness, in holiness, in wisdom, in truth, to be short in all kind of perfection.
In the last Sermon was declared unto you, what the lively and true faith of a Christian man is, that it causeth not a man to be idle, but to be occupied in bringing forth good works, as occasion serveth.
Of our going from God, the wise man saith, that pride was the first beginning: for by it mans heart was turned from God his maker. For pride (saith he) is the fountain of all sin: he that hath it, shall be full of cursings, and at the end it shall overthrow him. (Ecclus 10) And as by pride and sin we go from God, so shall God and all goodness with him go from us. And the Prophet Hosea doth plainly affirm (Hos 5), that they which go a way still from God by vicious living, and yet would go about to pacify him otherwise by sacrifice, and entertain him thereby, they labour in vain. For, notwithstanding all their sacrifice, yet he goeth still away from them. For so much (saith the Prophet) as they do not apply their minds to return to God, although they go about with whole flocks and herds to seek the Lord, yet they shall not find him: for he is gone away from them.
A Sermon of the Misery of all Mankind and of his Condemnation to Death Everlasting, by his own Sin.
Because all men be sinners and offenders against God, and breakers of his law and commandments, therefore can no man by his own acts, works, and deeds (seem they never so good) be justified, and made righteous before God: but every man of necessity is constrained to seek for another righteousness or justification, to be received at God’s own hands, that is to say, the forgiveness of his sins and trespasses, in such things as he hath offended. And this justification or righteousness, which we so receive of God’s mercy and Christ’s merits. embraced by faith, is taken, accepted and allowed of God, for our perfect and full justification.
The first coming unto God (good Christian people) is through Faith, whereby (as it is declared in the last Sermon) we be justified before God. And lest any man should be deceived, for lack of right understanding thereof, it is diligently to be noted, that Faith is taken in the Scripture two manner of ways.
If ever at any time the greatness or excellency of any matter spiritual or temporal hath stirred up your minds to give diligent care (good Christian people, and well-beloved in our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ) I doubt not but that I shall have you now at this present season most diligent and ready hearers, of the matter which I have at this time to open unto you. For I come to declare that great and most comfortable Article of our Christian Religion and faith, the Resurrection of our Lord Jesus.